Verb Phrases and Tenses

Pengertian Verb Phrase

Pada dasarnya yang di sebut sebagai verb phrase adalah kata kerja yang tidak berdiri sendiri (terdiri lebih dari satu kata) namun masih bermakna/berfungsi sebagai kata kerja. Jadi yang di maksud dengan verb phrase adalah kata kerja yang terdiri dari dua kata atau lebih, perhatikan contoh di bawah ini:

·            They play

·            They are playing

Contoh yang pertama bukanlah sebuah verb phrase karena kata kerja hanya terdiri dari satu kata yaitu play, sedangkan contoh yang kedua adalah sebuah verb phrase karena kata kerja terdiri dari dua kata, yaitu are (kata kerja bantu) dan playing (kata kerja utama dengan tambahan akhiran –ing) yang berfungsi sebagai kata kerja “sedang berlangsung”.

How to compose or create a verb phrase? Okay, to answer that question, I will give a point that can be used as your handle to create and know which verb phrase and which are not the verb phrase, along with the review:

Be + Present Participle (-ing)
Verb phrase dapat disusun atas bagian dari kata kerja be yang di ikuti oleh  kata kerja dengan akhiran ing. Yang termasuk bagian be adalah is, am, are, was, dan were.
Contoh :

·            We are discussing a problem.

·            Shanti was watching TV.

Perhatikan yang saya garis bawahi dimana be di ikuti oleh kata kerja berakhiran ing, sehingga akan membentuk verb phrase.

Have + Past Participle (verb3)
Yang di maksud dengan have juga termasuk has dan had. Sedangkan verb3 adalah bentuk ketiga dari suatu kata kerja. Jadi, verb phrase juga dapat di susun dengan have/has/had yang kemudian di ikuti verb3.
Contoh:

     ·         I have slept.

     ·         Bambang has lived in Jakarta.

     ·         She had finished her job.

Have Been + Present Participle (-ing)
Kemudian, verb phrase juga dapat tersusun atas have been, has been, had been yang di ikuti oleh kata kerja berakhiran ing.
Contoh:

    ·         I lived in Bekasi.

    ·         The mechanic has repaired my motorbike.

    ·         Robby has worked at the shop.

Modal Auxiliary Verb + Ordinary Verb (Kata kerja utama)
Yang di maksud dengan modal auxiliary verb adalah kata kerja bantu yang memiliki arti, sehingga akan melengkapi makna dari ordinary verb. Contoh dari modal auxiliary verb seperti will, shall, would, should, ought to, can, could, must may, might, dan kata-kata lainnya yang sejenis.
Contoh:

     ·         They will learn Spanish.

     ·         He can do this task.

        TENSES

         A.    Simple Present Tense

         This tenses are used to denote something that is fixed, habitual or an essential truth. Because it             is often related to the incident at about past, present and future, this at least has the Tenses                   description for a certain time.

·         Form Verbal:

            (+) S + V1 s/es + O

            (-) S + do/does not + V1 + O…

            (?) Do/Does + S + V…?

           Example Verbal:

           (+) My sister applies the jacket

           (-) My sister doesn’t apply the jacket

           (?) Does my sister apply the jacket?

        B.     Present Continuous Tense

        This tenses are used to express an action which is actually being done at this time.

·         Form Verbal:

(+) S + be + V-ing + O

(-) S + be + not + V-ing + O

(?) Be + S + V-ing + O…

Example Verbal:

(+) She is answering a question

(-) She is not answering a question  

(?) Is She answering a question?

       C.     Present Perfect Tense

       This tenses are used to express your experience. This sentence can used to say that you have                never had a certain experience. Present Perfect Tense didn’t use to describe specific event.

·         Form Verbal:

(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O

(-) S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O

(?) have/has + S + V3 + O

Example Verbal:

(+) I have met her at a hospital lastday

(-) I have not met her at a hospital lastday.

(?) Have I met her at a hospital lastday?

       D.    Present Perfect Continuous

       Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to show that something started in the past and has                 continued up until now. ”for two hours’, ‘for two weeks’, ‘since yesterday’ are all durations                 which can be used with this sentence. Without the durations, the tense has a more general                     meaning of “lately.” We often use the words “lately” or “recently” to emphasize this meaning.

·         Form Verbal:

(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)

(-) S + have/ has + not + been + V-ing + O + ANA

(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O + ANA

Example Verbal:

(+) Rani has been playing at garden.

(-) Rani has not been playing at garden.

(?) Has Rani been playing at garden?

       E.     Simple Past Tense

       We used this tense to talk about the past.

·         Form Verbal:

(+) S + V2 + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)

(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + ANA

(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ANA?

Example Verbal:

(+) My Mother visited to the art museum last week.

(-) My Mother did not visit to the art museum last week.

(?) Did My Mother visit to the museum last week?

Refrensi: 

      https://belajarbahasainggrisonline-gratis.blogspot.com/2015/02/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-verb-phrase.html

      https://dwiyustiyanita.wordpress.com/2016/03/28/verb-phrases-tenses/

      https://afaafahhb.wordpress.com/2013/04/02/16-tenses-in-english-2/

Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier

Subject

Subject adalah tentang apa atau siapa yang dibicarakan dalam suatu kalimat klausa. Adapun subjek berupa orang, hewan, benda, maupun konsep abstrak.

Contoh :
     ·    His new truck tax has already been paid by his parents.
     ·    My father eaten a plate of roasted chicken Yesterday.
     ·   The very big boarding school in this country was built in 1970.

Verb

Verb (kata kerja) adalah suatu kata yang berfungsi untuk menunjukan tindakan dari subject. Menunjukan peristiwa atau keadaan. Verb satu kegiatan dari delapan part of speech.

Kata kerja bahasa Inggris tidak selalu berbentuk simple (satu kata), melainkan mungkin berupa frasa hasil kombinasi dengan particle menjadi phrasal verb (get in, make up, read over).

Macam-macam dan Contoh Verb.

Beberapa macam dan contoh verb antara lain sebagai berikut.

1. Transitive dan Intransitive Verb : Transitive verb adalah kata kerja yang diikuti direct object yang menerima aksi dari subject, sedangkan intransitive verb tidak karena aksi yang dilakukan subject memang tidak melibatkan direct object.

Example: Transitive verb (He sent me a postcard). Intransitive verb (arul listen teacher in the class).

2.  Regular dan irregular Verb : Regular Verb adalah kata kerja yang mayoritas bentuk past tense (Verb-2) dan past particle (Verb-3) didapat dengan menambahkan suffix –ed atau –d (bentuk dasar kata kerja). Sedangkan Irregular Verb bentuk past tense dan past particle lebih bervariasi.

Example: Regular Verb (The item arrived late). Irregular Verb (They came late).

3.   Action dan Stative : Action adalah menyatakan bahwa sesuatu terjadi. Sedangkan Stative adalah menyatakan kondisi yang cenderung tetap.

Example: Action (Ronaldo play football in the field). Stative (I prefer jus to coffee).

4. Finite dan non-finite Finite dipengaruhi tense dan subject-verb agreement, sedangkan non-finite tidak.

Example: Finite (You are growing up so fast). Non-finite (You’re growing up so fast).

5.   Linking Verb : menghubungkan subject of a sentence dengan deskripsinya.

Example : Linking Verb (She is young and beautiful).

6.   Causative : Kata kerja untuk menunjukkan bahwa subjek tidak bertanggungjawab langsung terhadap aksi yang terjadi.

Example: Causative (I had my house renovated last week).

Complement

·       Biasanya berupa noun (kata benda) atau noun phrase (frasa kata benda)

·       Biasanya terdapat setelah verb pada kalimat aktif.

·       Complement menjawab pertanyaan what (apa) atau siapa (whom).

Contoh:

     ·      I buy dessert to my girlfriend

·      What do you buy? -> “A dessrt”

     ·      He saw Rangga at the movie

·      Whom did see at the movie? -> “rangga”

Modifier

• Modifier menjelaskan time (waktu), place (tempat), atau manner (cara) dari sebuah aksi atau perbuatan
• Bentuk yang paling umum dari modifier adalah prepositional phrase (kelompok kata yang dimulai dengan sebuah preposition dan diakhiri dengan sebuah noun
• Preposition = on, out, under, behind, etc…
• Modifier menjawab pertanyaan when (kapan), where (dimana), atau how (bagaimana)

Contoh :

• John bought a book at a book fair
• Where did John buy a book? –> at a book fair
• She is driving very fast
• How is she driving? –> very fast
• I posted my application yesterday
• When do I post my application? –> yesterday

So, seperti ini unsur-unsur Subject, Verb, Complement dan Modifier dalam contoh kalimat :

We   studied   grammar   last week.

S         V             C                M

Refrensi:

http://suryanto-bogor.blogspot.com/2013/06/subject-verb-complement-and-modifier.html

https://fauziauzhe.wordpress.com/2015/05/11/subject-verb-complement-modifier/

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-subject-predicate

https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-macam-contoh-kalimat-verbs

Cover Letter and Curriculum Vitae

Cover Letter

Jl. Akses UI Cimanggis

Erikawanti23@gmail.com

0821839173

Depok, April 23 2019

Renata Maulidia

Director, Animal Resources

PT. Rindu Karya Sejati, Tbk.

Jl. Diponogoro 

No. 17-18 Jakarta 12254

Dear Mrs. Renata,

As a fresh and driven Accounting graduate, I am applying for the Accounting Assistant position at Rindu Karya Sejati of Companies. I recently obtained a Bachelor’s degree in Accounting from Onion State University. Through my education and internships, I developed expertise in performing many accounting tasks that will enable me to perform exceptionally well.

.I am healthy both physically and spiritually. In addition, my ability to work together is good, discipline time and always want to learn new things. I also prioritize honesty and hard work.

I hope to get an interview call, so that I can explain in more detail about my potential and abilities that can be useful for the company. Thus I made this application letter with the truth and honesty. Thank you for your attention.

Sincerely,

Erika Wanti

 CURRICULUM VITAE

		ERIKA WANTI Always Focus on My Goal
Profile     Hallo my name Erika Wanti. My friends      call me Erika or Wanti. I was born in          Jakarta 23 November 1998. My Hobby       is watching movies. I’m hard worker.         I’ll  do my best for my jobs.   Contact   PHONE:   085-2225-9892   EMAIL:   Erikawanti23@gmail.com  Hobbies  Watching movies  Swimming  Playing Badmintoon		EDUCATION 2016 - 2020   : S1 Gunadarma University Economic Faculty 2013 - 2016   : SMA Cindera Mata, Bekasi 2010 - 2013   : SMP Cindera Mata, Bekasi 2004 - 2010   : SD Budi Dharma, Bekasi 2002 - 2004   : TK Budi Dharma, Bekasi NON FORMAL EDUCATION Pelatihan Zahir Bersertifikat di Gunadarma University tahun 2018 SKILLS      ·          Able to speak English      ·        Able to work in a team      ·        Able to work under-pressure

Personal Description

Hello my name is erika wanti, people usually call me erika but my close friends call me er or wanti. I was born in Jakarta 23rd November 1998. Im 20 years old.  My name is a combination between my father's and my mother's name. My father's name is eri and my mother's name is purwanti. I have 3 siblings 1 big sister, 1 big brother and 1 little sister. Both my big brother and sister are already married, my big sister has one daughter Shaqueela and she is so adorable. My big brother has 2 children Nadine and Nasyifa they only 3 years apart. My little sister is still in highschool.

I was raised in bekasi with my parrents but now i live in dorm in Depok because i continued my study in Gunadarma university majoring accounting. It was actually hard for me to adapt in a dorm because i used to live with my parrents my wholelife. But now im already in my third year and everything is become easier for me. Not only the adaptation but also i have friends that really care and nice to me, i really gratefull because they always help me in my hard time.

I always have a dream to travel around Indonesia with people that I love. Maybe you are wondering why travelling around Indonesia? You already live there. Well I want to explore the place that still unknown by common people, I want to explore it and spread the words to another people about how great the place is so it will open other people eyes that Indonesia can be like another country that have beautiful tourism spot and it make them want to visit Indonesia and the locals can love Indonesia more than ever. I think that’s all I can tell about myself, I hope that I can graduate from college on time and my dream to travel around Indonesia will come true. Thank you for reading I hope you guys always bless

LETTER

1. Formal Letter
 

     A formal letter is a letter that is written in the formal language with a specific format for business or official purpose. In simple terms, this is a letter written for professional communication. This is also sometimes referred to as a business letter. A formal letter could be a letter of enquiry, a letter of request, or a letter of complaint.

• FULL BLOCK

          Ex:

RT 01/30

HARAPAN INDAH

KOTA BEKASI

          Dear.

          Ladies and Gentlemen RT.01 RW 30

          November 5, 2018

          With respect,

          With the change of season so that the development of mosquitoes has started a lot in our RT

          and based on the results of the RT RT on November 5, 2018 there will be a mosquito spraying

          on:

                      Day/Date     : Saturday November 9, 2018

                      Hours          : 07:30

          For that reason, appealed to RT that have pets so that they can be temporarily moved or                          secured. So we submit this letter, for your attention and cooperation we thank you.

          Bekasi, November 05, 2018

          Signed

          ( Maulana)

          Secretary RT 01

• SEMI BLOCK

          ex:

RT 01/30

HARAPAN INDAH

KOTA BEKASI

          Dear.                                                                                                       November 5, 2018

          Ladies and Gentlemen RT.01 RW 30

        

          With respect,

          With the change of season so that the development of mosquitoes has started a lot in our RT

          and based on the results of the RT RT on November 5, 2018 there will be a mosquito spraying

          on:

                      Day/Date     : Saturday November 9, 2018

                      Hours          : 07:30

          For that reason, appealed to RT that have pets so that they can be temporarily moved or                          secured. So we submit this letter, for your attention and cooperation we thank you.

                                                                                                              Bekasi, November 05, 2018

                                                                                                              Signed

                                                                                                                           ( Maulana)

                        

                                                                                             Secretary RT 01

2. Informal Letter

       Informal letters are letters we write to friends and relatives. There is no strict format to write an informal letter. The language and tone of the letter also depend on the familiarity between the sender and the recipient. That is to say, a letter you write to a distant relative and a letter you write to your best friend will be vastly different. If we look at some components of an informal letter briefly.

Ex:

Bekasi

November 9, 2018

Hello Zanneta,

How are you there? I hope you are fine there. Long time no see, how's your college there? I really miss playing with you. Sometimes if I see a playground I always remember playing with you. Running and laughing, my childhood is colored because of playing with you. Now that we are grown up and busy with each other's affairs so we don't have time to play and meet. But my prayer for you I hope you are fine and healthy always. Amen.

Please reply to this message immediately

Your close friend,

Erika Wanti

3. Bussiness Latter    Ex:

Attention To: HRD Manager of PT. Murni Management Group Jl. Palem Hijau Raya No. 18 Jakarta Subject: Employment Application With respect, Based on the information I obtained from the Detik.com newspaper on November 11, 2018, PT Murni Manajemen Group opened several job openings. With this job application letter I intend to join the company of the father / mother lead. The part of the work that I mean is the Accounting section at PT Murni Manajemen Group. The following is my brief biodata Name                                       : Erika Wanti Date of birth                           : Jakarta, November 23, 1998 Gender                                    : Female Last Education                        : Accounting S1 Address                                   : Jl. beautiful hill No. 22, Jakarta Phone                                      : 08198985676 I hope to be one part of the company for you. Thus, my job application letter is really true and honest and honest and for the attention and cooperation of the leader / father I thank you very much. Best regards, Erika Wanti SUMBER: http://pediaa.com/difference-between-formal-and-informal-letter/