Verb Phrases and Tenses

Pengertian Verb Phrase

Pada dasarnya yang di sebut sebagai verb phrase adalah kata kerja yang tidak berdiri sendiri (terdiri lebih dari satu kata) namun masih bermakna/berfungsi sebagai kata kerja. Jadi yang di maksud dengan verb phrase adalah kata kerja yang terdiri dari dua kata atau lebih, perhatikan contoh di bawah ini:

·            They play

·            They are playing

Contoh yang pertama bukanlah sebuah verb phrase karena kata kerja hanya terdiri dari satu kata yaitu play, sedangkan contoh yang kedua adalah sebuah verb phrase karena kata kerja terdiri dari dua kata, yaitu are (kata kerja bantu) dan playing (kata kerja utama dengan tambahan akhiran –ing) yang berfungsi sebagai kata kerja “sedang berlangsung”.

How to compose or create a verb phrase? Okay, to answer that question, I will give a point that can be used as your handle to create and know which verb phrase and which are not the verb phrase, along with the review:

Be + Present Participle (-ing)
Verb phrase dapat disusun atas bagian dari kata kerja be yang di ikuti oleh  kata kerja dengan akhiran ing. Yang termasuk bagian be adalah is, am, are, was, dan were.
Contoh :

·            We are discussing a problem.

·            Shanti was watching TV.

Perhatikan yang saya garis bawahi dimana be di ikuti oleh kata kerja berakhiran ing, sehingga akan membentuk verb phrase.

Have + Past Participle (verb3)
Yang di maksud dengan have juga termasuk has dan had. Sedangkan verb3 adalah bentuk ketiga dari suatu kata kerja. Jadi, verb phrase juga dapat di susun dengan have/has/had yang kemudian di ikuti verb3.
Contoh:

     ·         I have slept.

     ·         Bambang has lived in Jakarta.

     ·         She had finished her job.

Have Been + Present Participle (-ing)
Kemudian, verb phrase juga dapat tersusun atas have been, has been, had been yang di ikuti oleh kata kerja berakhiran ing.
Contoh:

    ·         I lived in Bekasi.

    ·         The mechanic has repaired my motorbike.

    ·         Robby has worked at the shop.

Modal Auxiliary Verb + Ordinary Verb (Kata kerja utama)
Yang di maksud dengan modal auxiliary verb adalah kata kerja bantu yang memiliki arti, sehingga akan melengkapi makna dari ordinary verb. Contoh dari modal auxiliary verb seperti will, shall, would, should, ought to, can, could, must may, might, dan kata-kata lainnya yang sejenis.
Contoh:

     ·         They will learn Spanish.

     ·         He can do this task.

        TENSES

         A.    Simple Present Tense

         This tenses are used to denote something that is fixed, habitual or an essential truth. Because it             is often related to the incident at about past, present and future, this at least has the Tenses                   description for a certain time.

·         Form Verbal:

            (+) S + V1 s/es + O

            (-) S + do/does not + V1 + O…

            (?) Do/Does + S + V…?

           Example Verbal:

           (+) My sister applies the jacket

           (-) My sister doesn’t apply the jacket

           (?) Does my sister apply the jacket?

        B.     Present Continuous Tense

        This tenses are used to express an action which is actually being done at this time.

·         Form Verbal:

(+) S + be + V-ing + O

(-) S + be + not + V-ing + O

(?) Be + S + V-ing + O…

Example Verbal:

(+) She is answering a question

(-) She is not answering a question  

(?) Is She answering a question?

       C.     Present Perfect Tense

       This tenses are used to express your experience. This sentence can used to say that you have                never had a certain experience. Present Perfect Tense didn’t use to describe specific event.

·         Form Verbal:

(+) S + Have/Has + V3 + O

(-) S + Have/Has + not + V3 + O

(?) have/has + S + V3 + O

Example Verbal:

(+) I have met her at a hospital lastday

(-) I have not met her at a hospital lastday.

(?) Have I met her at a hospital lastday?

       D.    Present Perfect Continuous

       Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to show that something started in the past and has                 continued up until now. ”for two hours’, ‘for two weeks’, ‘since yesterday’ are all durations                 which can be used with this sentence. Without the durations, the tense has a more general                     meaning of “lately.” We often use the words “lately” or “recently” to emphasize this meaning.

·         Form Verbal:

(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)

(-) S + have/ has + not + been + V-ing + O + ANA

(?) Have/has + S + been + V-ing + O + ANA

Example Verbal:

(+) Rani has been playing at garden.

(-) Rani has not been playing at garden.

(?) Has Rani been playing at garden?

       E.     Simple Past Tense

       We used this tense to talk about the past.

·         Form Verbal:

(+) S + V2 + O + Adj / Noun / Adverb (ANA)

(-) S + did + not + V1 + O + ANA

(?) Did + S + V1 + O + ANA?

Example Verbal:

(+) My Mother visited to the art museum last week.

(-) My Mother did not visit to the art museum last week.

(?) Did My Mother visit to the museum last week?

Refrensi: 

      https://belajarbahasainggrisonline-gratis.blogspot.com/2015/02/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-verb-phrase.html

      https://dwiyustiyanita.wordpress.com/2016/03/28/verb-phrases-tenses/

      https://afaafahhb.wordpress.com/2013/04/02/16-tenses-in-english-2/